Sentence examples for mutations activate the from inspiring English sources
The vast majority of TSHR mutations activate the Gαs/cAMP system, but only a few TSH receptor mutations can also activate the Gαq/11/IP pathway, although the effects of this pathway in the pathogenesis of ADNAH remain unknown [22], [23].
Confirmation that these novel mutations activate the PI3 kinase pathway awaits their functional characterisation.
PIK3CA mutations activate the PI3 K-PTEN-AKT pathway, which is downstream from both the EGFR and the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathways.
These mutations activate the AGE-1 pathway and, in comparison to the wild type, they caused starved L1s to be more sensitive to H2O2.
These mutations activate the oncogenic properties of RAS proteins and it has been reported that they do so by inhibiting GTPase activity.
Similar DNs are found in patients with TSC in whom TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations activate the mTOR cascade that affects many cell biological processes, including the regulation of actin dynamics [ 49].
Mutations activating the N-RAS or B-RAF kinase components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are found in approximately 15% and 60% of human melanomas, respectively [ 3- 5].
PI3KCA mutations, present in 10 25% of CRCs [ 28, 39– 41], have been reported to be "gain of function" mutations activating the PI3 K/AKT pathway.
For example, there has been new evidence regarding the metastatic colon cancer that mutations activating the KRAS gene abrogate the therapeutic effect of anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor therapies (like Cetuximab- ERBITUX®, or Panitumumab- VECTIBIX) [ 10 12].
Papillary tumors have a characteristic set of genetic changes: mutations activating the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR3, signal-transducing RAS proteins (most often HRAS) or the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3CA.
For example, oncogenic activation of the RAS genes by point mutation activates the pathway via the interaction of RAS with p110α, the catalytic subunit of PI3 kinase [ 10].
