Sentence examples for mutational shift in from inspiring English sources

Together with in vitro studies describing the FIPV strains affinity for macrophages in contrast to FECV strains (15 ), the hypothesis was extended to propose that the enteric coronavirus (FECV) undergoes a mutational shift in the gastrointestinal system, thus allowing infection of macrophages, systemic dissemination, and fatal disease manifestation (12, 13 ).

We also found a significant anticorrelation between gene-specific mutational shifts in |dTRX| and their level of nonsynonymous substitution (d N) and d N/d S, indicating that more highly conserved genes have higher overall shifts in DNA flexibility at the levels of codons (for d N/d S, r = −0.14, P < 0.0001; fig. 5 C and for d N, r = −0.29, P < 0.0001; fig. 5 D).

A very weak but significant anticorrelation between gene-specific mutational shifts in |dTRX| and synonymous substitutions (d S) was also observed to be maintained by codon bias (for d S with codon bias, r = −0.08, P = 0.007 and for d S without bias r = 0.053, P = 0.077; fig. 5 D).

To illuminate the potential role of codon usage bias in also contributing toward gene-averaged mutational shifts in local DNA flexibility, we also conducted identical analyses where synonymous codons were chosen randomly (i.e., shuffled) at sites of mutation on ancestral sequences.

We found that the elevation in Ts Tv ratio is significantly associated with genes demonstrating large mutational shifts in DNA flexibility at the levels of individual codons and that this trend is maintained almost completely by existing codon usage biases of single genes (with bias, r = 0.26, P < 0.0001; without bias r = 0.06, P = 0.03; fig. 5 A).

These correlative trends support that the evolution of amino acid sequence and phosphate linkage flexibility are only partially decoupled as it would appear that highly conserved coding sequences (low d N or low d N/d S) are associated with higher average mutational shifts in |dTRX|.

A prime example of a mutational spectrum shift in mutators is the 230-fold increase in indel rate that was localized to within homopolymeric tracts.

However, the observation that base composition of noncoding sequences shows a shift in GC content in the same direction (although to a lesser degree) has been used as evidence in favor of a mutational shift [ 22, 25, 28].

The effects of long-term immunogenicity after natural exposure to wild-type HA virus and the possibility of mutational shifts of the live vaccine virus in the field need to be studied in more detail.

In addition, no effort has been made to study the possibility of mutational shifts of the live vaccine strains in field conditions.

But instead of linking these things to natural selection, they came up with the idea of "saltation"—in other words, sudden mutational shifts from one well-adapted species to another.