Sentence examples for mutational rates in from inspiring English sources

Biallelic SNPs are randomly distributed across the genome and have a low mutation rate (10-8 – 19]9) [ 19]: this property makes it easier to calculate mutational rates in SNPs than, for example, in microsatellites.

As an immediate consequence of this theory, reduction of mutational rates in particular genomic regions compared to presumably neutrally evolving regions are indicative for selective constraints associated with the particular mutational processes.

We found no significant difference in mutational rates in patients with different FIGO stages, but a trend towards a higher mutational rate could be seen in FIGO stage I tumors (p = 0,081).

As mentioned above, TGFBR2, MSH3 and MSH6 microsatellite sequences present high mutational rates in right MSI-H colorectal cancer, demonstrating that alterations in these genes are important for the development of MSI neoplasias [ 9, 34].

Unexpectedly, greater mutational rates in mRNA sequences compared to non-cytoplasmically expressed DNA sequences were also observed for CpG dinucleotides, where modelled rates were consistently higher (despite the existence of the methylation-induced mutational pathway operating on genomic DNA sequences of vertebrates).

High mutational rates in mtDNA have been associated with an inaccurate DNA repair system (Bogenhagen 1999 ), the absence of histone-like protein, and the peculiar mitochondrial replication model, characterized by single-strand intermediates, which was found to be a convincing explanation for strand mutational bias (Reyes et al. 1998 ).

The higher number of KRAS mutations in lower grade samples could also be an explanation for the higher mutational rate in younger patients.

Surviving females produced a similar mutational rate in their germline (Table 1).

In addition large introns with small exons may serve to reduce mutational rate in coding sequences (dilution effect).

MSH2, for instance, encodes a DNA tumor suppressor protein involved in DNA repair, and its disruption leads to an increased mutational rate in cancer cells.

When malignant samples were compared with respect to histology, the mutational rate in mucinous lesions was significantly higher than in lesions of other histotypes, whereas serous malignancies harboured significantly less KRAS mutations (p < 0.0001).