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OT2 is an off-target that was validated in human cells by deep-sequencing; it is the off-target with the highest mutational rate for the given spacer.
Furthermore, the optimized mutational rate for the C→T,G transition was comparable to estimates based on different methods.
The mutational rate for each bin was derived by dividing the number of EMS changes by the bin size.
In calculations of insertion times of LTR retrotransposons we used a mutational rate for intergenic regions of 1.3 × 10-8 substitutions/site/yeas as described recently [ 26].
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However, mutational rates for the control region were previously estimated only for a sub-region of the HVS-I, namely, 16093-16383 [36].
We estimated the time since expansion with the equation τ = 2 ut [ 19], where τ is the mode of the mismatch distribution, an index of time since expansion expressed in units of mutational time, u is the mutation rate for the whole sequence, and t is the time since expansion.
The mutational rate of CpGs.
The COI locus harbours a high mutational rate even for mtDNA [48].
To our knowledge, there are no studies of feather mites that provided relative mutational rate estimates for comparison.
Therefore, it would appear that structural dynamism rather than mutational rate is more important for constructing novel open reading frames in the mitochondrial organellar genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Furthermore in order to test hypotheses about natural selection, underlying neutral processes, such as mutational rate variation, must be accounted for and their effects quantified or removed as efficiently as possible.
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