Sentence examples for mutational processes that from inspiring English sources

These differences are borne out in the groups' mutation-signature analyses, which provide information about the mutational processes that lead to a particular pattern of mutations.

Genome-wide profiling of somatic mutations in breast cancers revealed substantial variations in the total number of mutations and the type of mutations [ 32, 33], suggesting that the mutational processes that generate these genomic landscapes vary.

Until recently, the knowledge of the mutational processes that cause these somatic mutations has been very limited.

These patterns of mutations matched the ones induced experimentally by tobacco mutagens and ultraviolet light, respectively, the major, known, exogenous carcinogenic influences in these cancer types, and demonstrated that examining patterns of mutations in cancer genomes can yield information about the mutational processes that cause human cancer (4).

Biologically, the somatic mutations in a cancer genome are the cumulative result of the mutational processes that have been active since the very first division of the fertilized egg from which the cancer cell was derived (2).

This observation is explained by the birth and death process [ 54]; the youngest age category represents newly arisen duplicates, and the subsequent decline in frequency results from mutational processes that eliminate complete open reading frames (deletions or frameshift mutations).

Other approaches to time estimation include models of the Y-STR mutational process that allow back-and-forth mutations [17].

We find that mtDNA mutations are almost exclusively the product of a mutational process that is specific to mitochondria and probably linked to the unique mechanism of genome replication these organelles employ.

Each genomic event, be it a point mutation, an indel, or a rearrangement, results from a specific mutational process that may drive the initial clonal expansion and subsequent evolution.

The observed pattern itself is incompatible with features of a natural mutational process that would never change linked complex arrays of point mutations back and forth.

Thus, we describe the mutational process that produced a tumor by an n-clonal tree T, which we define as follows.