Sentence examples for mutational changes that from inspiring English sources

Such heterogeneity at the single-cell level likely reflects dynamic and ongoing mutational changes that occur during disease progression in a constantly evolving cancer genome.

Hallmarks of cancer are acquired via mutational changes that provide a potential tumor cell with a fitness advantage relative to normal cells within the same niche, thereby promoting the expansion of the tumor cell clone.

In BCa, progression to a hormone-resistant phenotype in the presence of an ERα antagonist is possibly maintained through selection of cells with epigenetic or mutational changes that bypass the inhibitory action of the drug [ 48, 51, 52].

It is possible that mutational changes that confer radiosensitivity but have no other easily detectable impact may be missense or subtle mutations that may not affect dramatically protein levels.

In the context of viral population genetics, substitution or evolutionary rates can be defined as the number of fixed mutational changes that accumulate in the population per nucleotide site per unit of time [ 27].

We then examined the evolutionary properties (e.g., conservation profiles and the nature of mutational changes) that distinguish drug-response altering (DR-altering) from drug-response neutral (DR-neutral) nsSNVs.

Assessment of biopsy specimens for levels of mutational load using our panel of molecular markers provides a relevant, objective, and reproducible measure of the presence and extent of mutational change that may provide an additional, quantitative dimension to histopathology for determining appropriate patient management.

Regulatory sequences can accumulate mutational changes so that the transcription factors that bind there no longer do so so that the nearby gene is not expressed in cells that are also expressing the transcription factor gene.

Recent examples of the utility of the cotton system in this regard include detailed analyses of the cotton fiber transcriptome during development [ 6- 10], as well as explorations of the mutational and expression changes that accompany allopolyploidization [ 11- 19].

Radiation can also induce non-targeted effects - altered cytokines and signaling that affect the cellular composition and microenvironment of irradiated tissues [ 1], and non-mutational, but heritable changes that alter cell-cell interactions and induce persistent phenotypes associated with malignant progression [ 2- 4].

The divergence time of O157 H7 and O55:H7 was calculated based on the number of mutational changes, by excluding regions that have undergone recombination.