A full treatment of mutation would need to introduce finite population size and fixation rates, as in population genetics theory.
Under this scenario the mutation would need to be neutral or slightly deleterious in the M. galloprovincialis background although favourable in the M. edulis background.
However, for full dioecy to develop, more than one mutation would need to have occurred, and the sexual differences would need to be fixed in the genome for gender-specific chromosomes to result.
Many scientists believe another one is overdue, and new knowledge of viruses indicates that this strain of bird flu has acquired some of the mutations it would need to be transmitted easily between humans, which has caused much of the alarm this year.
Once a risk factor is identified in one subgroup of mutation carriers it would need to be tested across other mutation carriers.
Of our two non-penetrant individuals, we cannot exclude a de novo mutation with somatic mosaicism in subject 1393-3 since his parents were not available for study; in contrast, subject 1368-2 han affectedted, mutation-positive, sibling, and therefore undoubtedly received a gametic mutation, and therefore would need to have achieved mosaicism by somatic loss.
The mutation extraction tools would need to take a closer look at these examples and incorporate the appropriate patterns.
Hence, in HNF4A mutation carriers, there would need to be a switch from increased insulin secretion in utero and neonatal life to decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in later life.
If we wished to extend this approach to disease gene– mutation curation, we would need to adopt a similar approach, to break the problem down into smaller subcomponents that could be separately judged; our early experiments on curation of the three-way disease gene– mutation relations suggested that this task would be cognitively too complex, with too many ways for a relation to be incorrect.
"We found that, of the five mutations that were identified, two existed in the wild in quite large numbers and that there really are only three further mutations the virus would need, of the ones Fouchier and Kawaoka identified, in order to be potentially transmissible between humans," he says.
However, the rate of false positives, which can result from occasional non-tumor mosaicism for one of the mutations in the cocktail, would need to be determined in an epidemiological trial.
