Sentence examples for mutation to drive from inspiring English sources

Plasmids were constructed in which exon 3 of TGFBR2 and exon 10 of ACVR2 were cloned +1 bp out of frame, immediately after the translation initiation codon of an enhanced GFP (EGFP) gene, allowing a −1 bp frameshift mutation to drive EGFP expression.

Down-regulation of LKB1 may therefore serve as an alternative to p53 mutation to drive pancreatic cancer in vivo.

In addition, we have also shown that the β-catenin mutation can cooperate with H-Ras mutation to drive superficial bladder cancer (Ahmad et al., 2011b).

Taken together, these data suggest that K-Ras and β-catenin activating mutations do not cooperate with Fgfr3 mutation to drive UCC or to enhance signaling.

Moreover, identifying the cooperating molecular events that occur alongside FGFR3 mutation to drive UCC will aid the development of genetic models of UCC to test combinatorial therapies.

By contrast, no papilloma was observed in the UroIICre + K-Ras G12D/+ cohort aged up to 18 months (n=20), indicating that Fgfr3 mutation cooperates with K-Ras mutation to drive papilloma formation.

We therefore speculate that their presence may create a pro-oncogenic tissue environment that synergizes with oncogenic mutations to drive the rise in cancer incidence with age.

The genetic screens that led to the discovery of Hippo pathway factors in Drosophila relied on single recessive mutations to drive overgrowth phenotypes (reviewed by Hariharan and Bilder [43]).

First, genes called oncogenes can be activated by mutations to drive unscheduled cell division.

It is thus critical to identify these other signalling pathways that cooperate with these presumably initiating mutations to drive cancer.

In principle, these changes are likely to modify the ability of oncogenic mutations to drive clonal expansion.