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One, the duplicate copy (or the original) may simply be lost or rendered nonfunctional by mutation (to become a "pseudogene").
The results show that it would in fact take about 6000 famine events for such a mutation to become fixed (Fig. 6).
This indicates cvf was lowered by mutation to become approximately equal to cf. To gain insight into the significance of these forward commitment factors, it is useful to examine a kinetic mechanism operative under the conditions of the KIE measurements.
The second timescale is the waiting time tmut for a new beneficial mutation to become established, which is inversely proportional to both the establishment probability 2 s and the rate μb L d at which beneficial mutations appear.
Their lower virulence should not be inferred to indicate lower pandemic potential since subclinical or mild infections may have greater opportunity through surreptitious spread to reassort and through mutation to become more virulent.
The expected time for a beneficial mutation to become established in the population is given by t est =1/ u NL b s b ) [ 50]; after establishment, the beneficial mutation behaves almost deterministically, increasing rapidly in frequency and is expected to fix in t fix = log (Ns b ) / s b generations [ 50].
Similar(54)
But they didn't accumulate enough mutations to become separate species before volcanic flows connected the islands together and the populations were reunited.
In its modern guise, the hypothesis proposes that tumor cells have to accumulate sufficient mutations to become metastatic while the target site has to be permissive to allow the appropriately mutated tumor cell to survive and prosper [5], [6].
Genotype 0 (' aa') requires two mutations to become genotype 2 (' AA'), while genotype 1 (' A a') requires only one mutation.
After the initiating mutation event, cells expand with the same history of mutations to become the founding clone.
However, reconstructed H5 viruses require only a few mutations to become capable of efficient transmission in ferrets.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com