Taken together, these observations suggest that Gro/TLE1 proteins carrying SP domain mutations that perturb cofactor-activated phosphorylation can become recruited to DNA but associate more weakly that wild type Gro/TLE1 with chromatin components.
Zinc is an important cofactor for DNA-binding activity of p53, as some p53 mutations that perturb the zinc-binding site in p53 result in the loss of DNA binding [28].
The most dramatic examples of these effects involve those mutations that perturb the chromophore ionization state.
Cancer cells acquire pathological phenotypes through accumulation of mutations that perturb signaling networks.
In particular, we need mutations that perturb interdomain contact, exclusively, without perturbing the binding affinity of WW domain residues.
On the other hand, mutations that perturb axonal transport can cause substantial autophagosome accumulation, which in turn can perturb axonal transport, leading to progressive neuronal degeneration.
The data presented here show that the rate of electron transfer in complex II is altered by mutations that perturb the quinone-binding region even when they do not significantly affect overall enzyme activity.
Sas-6 molecules can form such ninefold symmetric rings in the absence of any other proteins in vitro, and mutations that perturb the ability of Sas-6 to homo-oligomerise in vitro strongly perturb centriole assembly in vivo (Kitagawa et al., 2011; van Breugel et al., 2011, 2014).
To gain insight into the cFΦR4 mechanism of action and potentially design cyclic CPPs of still higher efficiency, in this study we investigated the internalization mechanism of cFΦR4 through the use of artificial membranes and pharmacologic agents as well as genetic mutations that perturb various endocytic events.
Thus, a mutation that significantly perturbs maternal gene expression would have an irreversible effect on gene product levels in the oocyte and, ultimately, the phenotype of the progeny.
