Sentence examples for mutation supply rate from inspiring English sources

Here, we simulate the evolution of bacteria in repeated serial passage experiments to explore how features such as fitness landscape ruggedness, the size of the mutational target under selection, and the mutation supply rate, interact to affect the evolution of microbial populations of different sizes.

While these two parameters are chosen rather arbitrarily, we found that the results remain qualitatively unchanged for different parameter values, as long as the effective mutation supply rate for small populations is significantly smaller than the mutant neighbourhood, i.e. Ne* μ≪L, and Ne* μ≈L for large populations.

The mutation supply rate is the product of population size and mutation rate.

This suggests that for a fixed mutation supply rate, smaller populations evolve both somewhat faster and somewhat more stochastically.

Evolutionary rescue from extinction requires abundant genetic variation or a high mutation supply rate, and thus a large population size.

To keep the mutation supply rate constant, it was necessary to increase the mutation rate for the small populations.

For the three initial population sizes we consider here, N0 = 10, 104 and 10, an effective population size given by N e ≈ DN0 [ 1], and mutation rate μ = 10-6, the mutation supply rates are S s = 0.001, S m = 0.1 and S l = 10 for the small, medium and large populations respectively.

For example, Strelkowa and Lässig [ 36] and Koelle et al. [ 40] raised alternative hypotheses concerning whether periodic positive sweeps in human influenza were due to a limiting supply of beneficial mutations, or by a high supply rate with competition between beneficial mutations limiting the fixation rate.

Although in some cases the absolute rate of adaptation is more strongly limited by the recombination rate than the mutation supply or the strength of selection, for example [ 79], the relative rates of adaptation are still determined largely by the product of x i and x j.

We were able to directly manipulate sexual status, and the rate of mutation supply, but not the proportion of beneficial and detrimental mutations.

For a low supply rate of beneficial mutations, we expect beneficial mutations to fix primarily in successive sweeps with rare occurrences of clonal interference, whereas clonal interference will occur with high probability when the supply rate of beneficial mutations is high.