The alternative view, applicable to characters other than body size or wing length, is that patterns of evolutionary change can either be enabled or directed by the mutational process itself and thus properly be explained by mutation rather than natural selection.
In fashion as in science, mutation, rather than invention, seems to define modernity.
The current virus appears to be a minor mutation, rather than a major new shift.
If mutation, rather than selection, really limited evolutionary change, this should be true for artificial no less than natural selection.
Second, mitochondria reproduce asexually, so any changes between the generations are caused by mutation rather than sexual mixing.
Moreover, the original data that BI researcher Ann Gauger did produce actually revealed a beneficial evolutionary mutation rather than undermining evolution (Brooks 2008).
This distribution suggests that telomeric variants might have arisen from the rapid expansion of a single mutation rather than from the gradual accumulation of random mutations.
The GGA works on guided mutation rather than stochastic mutation of the canonical genetic algorithm, to realize oriented evolution for rapid search.
The 9RA allele shares the same repeat structure as the majority of other D9S1120 alleles and so originates from a slippage-diminution mutation rather than an independent deletion.
However, as technology develops, new strategies for nematode control are emerging, both for transgenic approaches and in genome editing, which should be regarded by regulators as a form of mutation rather than 'genetic modification'.
Though it is known well that hemifacial microsomia is a congenital malformation in most cases, there are only a few presumptions that it can be caused by natural mutation rather than heredity and/or by drugs like thalidomide, primidone, or retinoic acid [5].
