Sentence examples for mutation rates not from inspiring English sources

Why do mutation rates not evolve to zero?

The use of mutation rates not specifically estimated for Neomys may have important consequences when calculating divergence times.

Bacteria such as the radiation-resistant Deinococcus radiodurans apparently survive heavy mutation rates not by lateral gene transfer but by accumulating multiple copies of genes, and this is all that I am proposing.

Several recent studies have indicated that neutral mutation rates (not substitution rates which are the combined effects of mutation and selection) in mammals have been relatively constant [ 12], except for the discrepant results from rodents, which were shown to mutate as much as 2-fold faster than other mammals [ 9, 11].

Powers of association study for a single allele and of GWAS with given sample sizes are shown in Tables 8 and 9. Surprisingly, the power of GWAS with a sample size as large as 100,000 case-control pairs to detect a common variant of a mutation rate not higher than the average is almost zero (Table 9).

Our finding thus tentatively suggested that TGPAs balance between the deleterious effect of the average mutation and the cost of further reducing mutation rate not by reducing μg but likely by lowering deleteriousness of mutations under stress.

So similarly to mammals, the mitochondrial genetic diversity is essentially uncorrelated to life-history traits in birds, and when it is so, it is most likely via the influence of mutation rate, not population size.

Among them, ST8Sia VI has the highest mutation rate, not associated with positive selection as indicated by a dN/ dS ratio < 1 (Table 2) and it shows a low level of basal expression in zebrafish tissues (Fig. 2).

This new data constrains models because proliferation or mutation rates do not have to be and are not significantly altered during most of progression.

Moreover, they are not biased in nucleotide composition and they invariably go extinct at high mutation rates (data not shown).

First, the differences between Y-chromosomal and mtDNA mutation rates are not as large as the diversity differences between the two markers.