Sentence examples for mutation rates i from inspiring English sources

The null hypothesis (H0) is that the evolutionary ratios for the MEF2 family are all simply due to underlying uniform mutation rates (i.e. ω is identical across all the branches of the MEF2 phylogeny).

The coalescent age estimates were calculated by Rho statistics [ 90] and three different mutation rates: (i) one base substitution (i.e. one mutation other than indel) in the coding region (577 - 16023) per 5, 140 years [ 58]; (ii) one synonymous transition per 6, 764 year [ 76]; and (iii) calibrated mutation rate of [ 59] based on all synonymous substitutions.

The difference in the overall performance of the method between the two parameter sets appears to be mainly due to the different mutation rates (i.e., larger values of θ and τ for the mangrove set).

In the absence of UVR exposure, spontaneous mutation rates (i.e. colony formation) were significantly higher in all three HGF+ × [ m1m2]+/− cell lines compared to the HGF+ lines (2- to 3-fold; P ≤ 0.05) (Fig.  6c).

As the scaling rule for heterozygosity depends only on the ratio of mutation rates (i.e., on the fraction of mutations kept in the rarefaction process), we can use it to find the best estimates of mutation rates in tri- and tetra- nucleotides.

It is difficult to say whether di- and tri-nucleotides were selected from a broader panel (and thus there was little or no bias in their selection process) or whether they escaped the effect of bias because of their higher mutation rates (i.e., most markers have a diversity well above the threshold for selection).

Using Bayesian analyses and a novel application of the comparative phylogenetic method, we did not find significant evidence that contemporary metabolic rates directly correlate with mutation rate (i.e., root-to-tip distance) once the underlying phylogeny is taken into account.

Under the assumption of common ancestry of the sequences obtained from DCV isolates in our laboratory and the EB isolate deposited in GenBank 11 years ago [23], we estimated an upper bound of the mutation rate (i.e., the number of variable synonymous sites divided by the sequence length times divergence time).

We used two different approaches for estimating the mutation rate: (i) the Luria Delbruck method (38) and (ii) a maximum likelihood method (39, 40).

I estimate the neutral population mutation rate (i.e. in the absence of genetic hitchhiking effects) to be θ = 0.99% per site in D. miranda and θ = 2.81% in D. melanogaster (Table 4).

We then searched for the best mutation rate (i.e., the rate at which the prediction error is smallest) in the range (-1, +1) using the Brent search algorithm [ 40].