Factors such as the mutation rate, the mutational target size, and the distribution of selection coefficients must be taken into account (Hermisson and Pennings 2005).
28, 67 Antigenic evolution in more dimensions generally shows that the extent of diversity is sensitive to the mutation rate, the mutational accessibility of antigenically distinct phenotypes, and the strength of competition between strains.
If the value of this random variable is less than mutation rate, the genome mutates randomly, and if the value of the random variable is greater than mutation rate, the genome does not change (Chau and Chan 1997).
Our data suggest that mutation rate, the pattern of copy number variations, and the mutational spectra in the BP-NET cell lines are more similar to the changes observed in small cell lung cancer than those found in primary BP-NET.
Depending on the mutation rate, the species-area relationship displays either two-phase or a triphasic scenario.
Our result shows that in the limit of small mutation rate, the solution remains regular in the spatial variables and yet concentrates in the trait variable and forms a Dirac mass supported at the lowest diffusion rate.
When the mesa fitness is larger than some critical value, upon increasing the mutation rate, the quasispecies changes from the peak to the mesa and then dissolves into the random background.
Moreover, relative mutation rates do not correlate with genome architecture: despite an estimated three-fold difference in their mutation rate, the mitochondrial and plastid genome coding densities are equivalent – an observation that extends to organisms with secondary red algal plastids.
These models take into account the rate of cell division and death, the mutation rate, the size of the tumor, and the dynamics of tumor growth including density limitations caused by geometric and metabolic constraints.
The results of comparative genomics lead to the conclusion that the genome architecture is not a straightforward result of continuous adaptation but rather is determined by the balance between the selection pressure, that is itself dependent on the effective population size and mutation rate, the level of recombination, and the activity of selfish elements.
The free parameters of the PSMC model include the scaled mutation rate, the recombination rate, and piecewise constant ancestral population sizes.
