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Experiments were performed using five words uttered by one of the male speakers shown in Table 3, and the newGASpeech's configuration was as follows: population of 1000 individuals, 300 generations, and the same initial crossover and mutation rates specified in the Table 4. From the correct parameters values for a given frame, they were varied in ±2, 4, 8, 16, and 32%%.
For example, shown as Table 3, if the mutation rate is specified as 0.01, and the base vector is ( left( { 5 { 3 3}} right) ), the chromosomes ( left( { 4 { 2 1}} right) ), ( left( { 2 { 1 2}} right) ), after mutation may be ( left( { 3 { 2 1}} right) ), ( left( { 2 { 2 2}} right) ).
Therefore, no mutation rate was specified for the microsatellite loci.
To account for uncertainty in the actual mtDNA mutation rate, we specified a standard deviation of 20%% of the mean rate.
For each set of parameter values, we used DWGSIM (http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/dnaa/index.php?title=Whole_Genome_Simulation) to generate human and mouse reads from the corresponding references according to the specified mutation rate, read length and error rate from the specified regions (whole genomes or exomes).
In the first stage, a spatially structured population was allowed to evolve until patterns of diversity reached a quasi-equilibrium state reflecting expected number of alleles and heterozygosity based on the simulated population size and specified mutation rate.
At the L − 1 neutral loci, mutations are introduced at random positions into the gametes with the specified mutation rate u.
We define an overall mutation rate per gene and specify the relative ratio at which point mutations, duplications, deletions, and rearrangements take place.
Campers using CSII should also have their basal rates specified.
The mutation rate was set to 2 × 10−8.
The mutation rate is set to 0.05.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com