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The high HIV mutation rate results in novel variants which encode point mutations within CTL epitopes and escape recognition by specific T cells.
Mutation rate results in a maximum sensitivity of only 62% of the genes for the germline comparison.
Indeed, since the high mutation rate results in enormous tumor heterogeneity, most likely already at the beginning of a therapy, the mutations conferring resistance to the chosen drug will be present in a subset of tumor cells.
However, the use of MLST in combination with the eBURST-algorithm to describe the population structure of E. faecium has been disputed as high recombination rates in E. faecium, in combination with a relatively low mutation rate, results in unreliable phylogenetic inferences by eBURST [ 73].
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At mutation selection equilibrium, the increase in the mean genome-wide deleterious mutation rate resulting from the recurrent production of the mutator allele is Δ U − = Δ U p ∼ Mm.
The basis for the threat caused by this virus is the high speed of replication, short incubation time, high contagiousness, and high mutation rate resulting in constant antigenic changes.
3) Also, the mutation rate resulting from the mutagenic PCR is unknown.
The longer burn-in times and sampling periods used for slowly mutating populations are usually extended pro rata from faster simulations, with a ten-fold decrease in mutation rate resulting in a 10-fold increase in the length of the simulation.
Of interest, the partial correlation between gene body methylation level and dS disappears or even becomes positive after the control (table 2), suggesting that highly methylated regions are subject to strong selective pressure at the protein level despite the enhanced mutation rate (resulting in elevated dS) in gene bodies.
The WNV genome is subject to high mutation rates resulting from high error rates and the lack of proofreading ability of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [ 13].
This is typically attributed to different levels of purifying selection or different mutation rates resulting from different frequencies of transcription [ 24, 37- 39].
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