Sentence examples for mutation rate ratio from inspiring English sources

With increasing male to female mutation rate ratio α, asexual reproduction becomes favorable compared to sexual reproduction.

Note from μx/μA = 0.82 and 0.84, one obtains the male/female mutation rate ratio α = μM/μF = 3.3 and 2.8, respectively.

This suggests that for land plants an mtDNA/ptDNA mutation rate ratio of >1 might not be as uncommon as once thought.

For all reproduction modes, all possible combinations between mutation interaction, population size and male to female mutation rate ratio were tested.

The higher the male to female mutation rate ratio in the sexual parent, the more pronounced is this "shielding effect" in hybridogens.

This leads to an estimate of male-to-female mutation rate ratio ranging from 1.7 to 6.5 in birds [ 30, 31].

Recombination and mutation rate ratios suggest that the diversification of mcyB and mcyC genes is driven by recombination events as well as point mutations in all three genera.

The clonally transmitted hybrid genomes showed reduced fitness at α = 1, 2 due to the fixed mutations; but at higher male to female mutation rate ratios, the strong selection against new mutations prevented these genomes from accumulating and fixing mutations and, hence, resulted in high fitness.

Evidence for the generation time effect has come from studies on various proteins and species including analyses of substitution rates in higher primates and rodents [ 5], substitution rates in higher grasses and in palms [ 6], in mammalian genomes [ 7] and in chloroplast and sex mutation rate ratios [ 5, 6].

Classification of hsp60 sequences as functional genes or pseudogenes was supported by the absence or presence of in-frame stop codons and frame-shifts, and by estimating non-synonymous vs. synonymous mutation-rate ratios (Ka/Ks) along relevant branches of evolutionary trees.

Comparisons of linear models show a significant effect of sexual status on fitness (likelihood ratio = 13.31572, P = 0.0013), but no effect of mutation rate (likelihood ratio = 2.212369, P = 0.3308).