Sentence examples for mutation rate presented from inspiring English sources

Nevertheless, the value identified in the present work was comparable to the estimated per nucleotide mutation rate presented in the literature [19] for Citrus bent leaf viroid (ca. 2−3×10−3), the family Pospiviroidae, and was 1/2 1/3 times lower than that of Avsunviroidae (ca. 5 7×10−3).

Populations optimized at low mutation rates present a high degree of adaptation and a low phenotypic diversity (see Table 1).

However, this approach may not detect mutations at single TALEN sites where the restriction site is not disrupted; hence, our results may under-represent the actual mutation rates present in individual animals.

OR for a given allele frequency in the unaffected population and the range of allele frequency in the unaffected population for a given OR calculated with the criterion B under three levels of mutation rate are presented in the Tables 4 and 5, respectively.

The mutation rate operator presented in this study uses randomness to guide a genetic algorithm (GA) towards the optimal solution.

As a result, rates of protein evolution after calibration by the neutral mutation rate (as presented by Ka/Ks) for VP1, at 0.211 and 0.221, were much higher than those of 2A and 3C, at 0.023~0.034.

The comparative results for optimal path and minimum hop count on different crossover and mutation rates are presented in Table 7.

The coalescent age estimates using the three aforesaid mutation rates are presented in table 1.

The sources of the genomic sequences used in this study and the methods of estimating mutation rates are presented in the Methods section.

However the p53 gene has mutational hotspots, germline mutations are possible, and certain subtypes, such as basal-like tumors, have a greatly elevated p53 mutation rate [ 14], presenting a risk for misclassifications.

Ages for the Finn-characteristic haplogroups, estimated using the mutation rates above, are presented in Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table S8.