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Employing a refined mutation filtering scheme and constant mutation rate model, the mutation rates were estimated and the possible date of emergence was calculated.
Using the common mutations identified through application of the mutation filter, we employed the constant mutation rate model and estimated the mutation rate of the SARS-CoV during this recent epidemic.
To estimate the relative effects of mutation rate and selection on PSS, we compared a linear model that used both the mutation rate and functional type as predictors (model 1) with two others that used only the mutation rate (model 2) or functional type (model 3) as the predicting variable.
In the estimation of SARS-CoV daily mutation rate, we employed the conservative constant mutation rate model [ 9], where the number of mutations d found in an isolate from its ancestor is proportional to the mutation rate k and the temporal difference t between the isolate and its ancestor, so that d = k × t.
Adhering to the constant mutation rate model, we fit the following model: d x = d0 + kx, where k is the daily rate of mutation, x is the sampling date measured relative to 1st November 2002, and d x is the number of mutations, as compared to the civet cat isolate, of the isolate sampled at date x.
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We chose uniform priors U[300, 30 000] for N S, U[2, 500] for all N Fi and U[1, 5] for D B. Prior information regarding the mutation rate and model for microsatellites was the same as in the previous example.
The models developed for herbicides, antibiotics and antiviral drugs frequently included mutation rate, whereas models developed for fungicides, insecticidal proteins and insecticides seldom introduced this parameter.
Assume a model with a single mutation rate (the JC model, for Jukes Cantor).
Beckman and Loeb's model suggests that carcinogenesis is more efficient with an elevated mutation rate, although the model does not consider the relative effects of clonal expansion of precancerous mutant clones (Beckman and Loeb 2006).
They explored the optimization of fitness as a function of mutation rate in a model of reproducing agents on a toroidal lattice; the agents consumed energy from a "continually augmented external source", and reproduced when they had accumulated sufficient resources to split into two organisms.
The mean mutation rate of the model that yielded the highest posterior probability was chosen.
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