Above, we have seen that random units of replication are not viable at high mutation rates; hence, they cannot be competitors of the master sequence.
On the other hand, it is well known that large genomes require a stability not supplied by high mutation rates, hence the existence of an error threshold that will be discussed later.
Lower metabolic rate should in turn decrease cellular damage, mutation rate, and hence the risk of tumor development.
It does not denote a mutation rate, and hence, we do not intend to suggest that mutation rate varies with time.
Lastly, we demonstrate that the inclusion of only a handful of loci with higher mutation rates, and hence greater phylogenetic information content, can make a tremendous difference in the accuracy of species-tree estimates, suggesting that empiricists should consider the quality, and not just quantity, of loci in multi-locus phylogenetic analyses.
This linear relationship was demonstrated to hold best at local geographical scale because heterogeneity of demographic parameters (i.e., dispersal and/or density) and the effect of mutation rate are reduced and hence their confounding influence on genetic differentiation is also reduced [ 27, 28].
The loss of recA may increase the mutation rate of the genome and hence increase the possibility of losing other genes such as mutY.
Hence, the mutation rate assumed must be considered realistic, and it would require a much lower mutation rate (2.01 × 10-5) to change the estimate of divergence time for LIL-HAL from 789 years to, say, 12,000 years, coinciding with the end of the last Glaciation.
We conclude that the primary structure of vertebrate genic DNA at and below the trinucleotide level has been governed over the long term by highly conserved regimes of NBDM which should be under direct natural selection because they alter drastically missense-mutation rates and hence the somatic and the germline mutational loads.
Hence, the effective mutation rate may actually be much higher than that calculated from Loeb's parameters.
