Sentence examples for mutation rate follows from inspiring English sources

Using ClonalFrame, which takes recombination into account when reconstructing a phylogeny, we showed that lineage I and II do not differ considerably in age (assuming that the mutation rate follows a molecular clock in both lineages).

In particular, the first cell division harbors the greatest mutation rate, followed by the divisions in spermatogenesis, whereas cell divisions in between have at least a magnitude smaller mutation rate.

A possible application of this technology is to move a set of genes (for instance, encoding a biochemical pathway or genes involved in a type of stress resistance) into the genomic region showing elevated mutation rates, followed by evolutionary engineering.

While assuming that the periodicity of nucleotide variability is ascribed to that of the mutation rate, it follows that the CGI-TSSs are in a nucleosome-packed and phased state, but nonCGI-TSSs are not, in the germ cell lineage.

This method of frequency-based analysis typically requires an estimation of the non-synonymous background mutation rate (nsBMR) followed by calculation of the statistical likelihood of observing a certain number of mutations based on the nsBMR.

To estimate the mutation rates, we followed the approach in previous studies [ 2, 24] to use the data from both human SNP density and human-chimpanzee divergence.

The procedure of our rejection-sampling algorithm to obtain a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the mutation rate is as follows: 1) simulate the mutation rate of microsatellites from the prior distributions.

We represent the codon mutation rate matrix M as follows by assuming that nucleotide mutations occur independently of codon positions but multiple nucleotide changes can infinitesimally occur.

To investigate whether the model of Michaelson et al. (2012) captures cryptic variation in the mutation rate we proceeded as follows.

If the true mutation rate distributions were to follow the gamma distribution, then the probability of having a mutation rate greater than 0.05/(4 Ne) is vanishingly low and the infinite sites assumption works well.

Evidence for this effect in fungi can be seen in the higher overall transition mutation rates of cytosines followed by guanines (e.g., higher mutation rates of VpCpG over VpCpH trinucleotides in fig. 2).