In addition, while a correlation between replication timing and mutation rates was established (Lang & Murray, 2011), the genome surveillance mechanisms that promote genome integrity by facilitating error-free DDT early during replication remain largely unknown.
Given that the mutation is critical to convert the coalescent estimates to biologically informative demographic parameters, a series of analyses were conducted using different mutation rates to establish a confidence interval of coalescent estimates (Fig. 6).
The non-recombining nature of this chromosome region as well as the availability of a reliable molecular clock, through the established mutation rate of STRs, allows a chronological reconstruction of haplotype genealogy, when these different types of markers are analysed jointly [14] [17].
Mutations arise according to the established mutation rate and their effects are not selected a priori.
The low EGFR mutation rate (5%) was insufficient to establish the cost-effectiveness of erlotinib for poor performance patients whose tumours are EGFR mutation +ve.
To disentangle the role of mutation rate and genome length, and establish that it is indeed the genome length rather than mutation rates which determine efficacy, we perform experiments with an external restriction on the available genome length for replicators (simulating a lethal mutation for replicators which exceed a certain genome length).
Moreover we have established a new, corrected mutation rate necessary for quasispecies formation with a higher value than the original one.
With spontaneous mutations accumulated in the mutator strain P. fluorescens ATCC948 for almost 2 years, we have established the base-substitution mutation rate of this strain to be 2.34 × 10− per site per generation, dominated by AT → GC transitions.
Dissatisfied with such wobble in the basic gears of the molecular clock, evolutionary biologists Sudhir Kumar and Sankar Subramanian decided to establish a more reliable mammalian mutation rate based on as many gene sequences as possible.
No correlation could be established between surgical resection quality and mutation rate.
Significantly mutated genes (SMGs) were defined as the somatic mutations with higher mutated frequency than background mutation rate.
