Sentence examples for mutation rate arising from inspiring English sources

Each species evolves under a mutation rate arising from many factors that are not universal.

More importantly, due to this distinct reprogramming intermediate stage, it will be of great interest to characterize the iPSCs obtained with this method in details, e.g. the mutation rate arising during reprogramming and the epigenetic memory retention.

Variation in mitochondrial DNA composition and consequent mutation rate, arising from dietary-controlled differences in DNA precursor ratios, could also contribute to tissue differences in age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.

Furthermore, these results suggest that rapid centromere evolution does not result from the mutagenic effect of gene conversion, but from a generalised increase in the mutation rate, perhaps arising from the unusual chromatin structure at centromeres in yeast and other eukaryotes.

As a consequence, it was necessary to distinguish the contribution to CpG substitution rate arising from mutation and natural selection.

This elevated mutation rate putatively arises because C within the CpG dinucleotide is the preferred target for modification by DNA methylases [ 1] and the resulting modified base, 5-methyl-cytosine (henceforth 5 mC), has an elevated mutation rate [ 2- 4].

Conversely, if a female-specific enhancing mutation that increases transmission rates arises first and is able to spread, then elevated effective transmission rates will restrict conditions under which costly male mutants may invade (since threshold values of e rise with higher t).

Different approaches can be used to infer the rate at which mutations arise (the mutation rate) and become fixed within a population (the substitution rate) during virus evolution (reviewed in [6], [7]).

If the mutation rate at which the deleterious allele arises is u, the equilibrium frequency for a deleterious allele that is recessive is given approximately by q = √u/s, which, if s = 1, reduces to q = √u.

Letting U be the genome-wide deleterious mutation rate in the MM background, deleterious mutations arise at rate U + Δ U within Mm individuals, and we assume that each mutation arises at a unique site (ensuring that all mutations remain heterozygous in a diploid species).

The other is that the relationship between mutation rates and speciation is the other way round, because a higher speciation rate causes natural selection to preserve more of the mutations that arise, even though the mutation rate itself has not changed.The researchers eliminated the first possibility by selecting particularly common species for their study.