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Mice that had lived around the steel mill had up to twice as many mutations as control mice, and their offspring had the same mutation rate; apparently some of the mutations had occurred in their gametes and had been passed down to the next generation.
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Unequal mutation rates apparently do not affect this conclusion.
In contrast, at the local phylogenetic scale of our study, the signature of gene-specific differences in mutation rate is apparently maintained.
Across deep nodes in the land plant phylogeny, local differences in gene-specific mutation rates are apparently averaged out, and variation in the magnitude of purifying/positive selection among genes becomes the primary determinant of evolutionary rates.
Therefore, the mutation rate for the H1N1 subtype has apparently increased since 2009.
Significantly mutated genes (SMGs) were defined as the somatic mutations with higher mutated frequency than background mutation rate.
The very low point mutation rate of mtDNA in plants, sponges and anthozoans apparently reflects a mitochondrion-specific property.
The deletion of mutH in an already stressed strain that lacks PTS is apparently responsible for the very high mutation rate observed.
Two studies reported a 14% mutation rate with no prognostic impact (Esteller et al, 1997; Semczuk et al, 1998), apparently in line with our data.
The heterozygous mouse has a modestly increased mutation rate, which appears to exceed that seen in an elderly human, but has an apparently normal phenotype [32].
This strategy is apparently conservative and can be regarded as the lower bound of the mutation rate.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com