Sentence examples for mutation or gain from inspiring English sources

Overall, a quarter (23 of 92) of all breast tumors examined had either a mutation or gain of copy number of the PIK3CA.

For example, there have been a number of puzzling discoveries: chiefly, while a protein is known to serve as a universal and essential factor in a fundamental biological process, its mutation, or gain or loss of function can yield a very specific outcome.

While FH mutation has yet to be identified in sporadic tumors, NRF2 activation has been reported as a consequence of either direct NRF2 gain-of-function mutation, KEAP1 loss-of-function mutation, or gain-of-function mutation of oncogenes such as MYC, BRAF, and KRAS in disparate cancer types [32]– [32].

The distribution of mutations or gains involving EGFR or KRAS is displayed in Figure S4.

Intuitively, such mutations or gained genes should often be present in drug-resistant strains and rarely in drug-susceptible strains.

These aberrations include changes in the normal DNA genetic sequence (for example gene mutations or gains or losses of genetic material) as well as changes in the accessibility and regulation of DNA (such as hypermethylation and chromatin marks).

Global genetic studies looking for mutations, or gains and losses using comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), are now frequent, although they have been less often studied from a prognostic perspective.

Progenitor cells may gain stem cell-like characteristics through the activation of self-renewal-related genes through de novo mutations [ 70] or gain of mutations of adult stem cell's origin [ 3], or via EMT induction [ 2, 71].

While FGFR3 mutation or copy number gain is a rare event, studies of these tumors may shed light on how FGFR3 signaling contributes to UC growth and proliferation.

However, the prostate cancer studies are unable to distinguish between an oncogenic or tumor suppressor effect for HOXB13 [ 17], given that it is not known if the p.Gly84Glu mutation leads to loss or gain of function and truncating variants which are suggestive of a tumor suppressor effect have not been seen [ 7].

4) Regarding the analyses of the disease-associated mutant VCP, are these mutations loss of function or gain of function?