Rather, mutations or chromosome damage would be necessary to induce leukaemia, but a proliferative stimulus (infection) causing a selection of the mutated clones would also intervene.
Genotoxic effects on germ cells are of crucial importance because gene mutations or chromosome damage may be transferred to the offspring and future generations.
In response to oncogenic mutations or DNA damage, p53 triggers a transcriptional program of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, apoptosis and metabolic remodeling.
Moreover, perturbation analysis of protein-protein interaction networks may highlight those alternative target sets for multi-target drug design where the initial effects (for example, mutations or protein damage inducing an age-related disease or aging) accumulate their actions [ 45].
These structural and functional differences are not seen when cells are placed in similar positions by mutation or laser-induced damage.
We thus expected the screen to identify genes whose activity normally suppresses lysosomal accumulation or autophagy, or genes whose mutations cause cellular stress or damage that would induce these pathways as a defense response.
Alteration or mutation can damage the gene coding PCFT and cause inherited folate malabsorption disorder (Zhao et al. 2007, 2009).
PDT generally has a low potential for causing DNA damage, mutation, or carcinogenesis.
Whether these two cell layers are equally susceptible to the effects of the A3243G mtDNA mutation, or whether the photoreceptor damage is a consequence of the RPE disease, is not known.
For any electron carrier, PR will be affected by changes in the carrier's Em and in its rate of electron supply and release, all of which can be altered by inhibition, damage, mutation or post-translational modification to protein complexes distal or proximal to the site, or to the protein itself.
