Sentence examples for mutation or alteration from inspiring English sources

These known mechanisms include overexpression or mutation of EGFR [18], co-activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases [19], [20], mutation or alteration in the downstream effectors of EGFR such as loss of PTEN [21], and compensatory pathways that remain active in stimulating PI-3 kinase [22].

We could hypothesize that different mutation or alteration at the genomic level could affect different phases of the autophagy process and thus therapeutic modulation could involve approaches that functionally target the specific proteins.

This is biologically relevant, as it is understood that the molecular mechanism that yields both groups of genes to cause either cancer or a hereditary disease is a mutation or alteration that impairs the normal functionality of the protein or modifies its expression.

Resistance to anthracyclines is thought to be mediated by a number of different mechanisms, which include mutation or alteration of its target enzyme, TOPO IIα, and up-regulation of drug efflux proteins, such as BCRP, MRP1, MVP and MDR-1 [ 25].

It is known that mutations or alteration in copy number are related to cancer and tumour development [33], [34].

For example, introduction of mutations or alteration of the solution conditions to specifically destabilize the native state allows transient folding intermediates to be trapped at equilibrium and directly analysed using NMR.

Efflux pumps reduce the accumulation of antibiotics inside of the bacterial cells, and the slow phase in which the process of antibiotic efflux takes place provides sufficient time for the bacterium to adapt to the antibiotics and become resistant through mutations or alteration of antibiotic targets [ 3].

The maximum discrimination factor (DF) of base mutations or alterations can reach 17.9.

Communities of mutations, or alterations to driver genes, can lead to increases in proliferation, a higher frequency of errors in transcription and replication, and/or the enabling of apoptotic evasion [6, 7].

Nephrin has been well studied and mutations or alterations of the subcellular level of nephrin lead to proteinuria [16], [21].

These include mutations or alterations in expression of p53, pRb, E-cadherin, COX2, BLCA-4, CXCL1, MMP-2/9 and EGFR [5].