Sentence examples for mutation or acquisition from inspiring English sources

The increased resistance may be related to changes in the bacterial genome by mutation or acquisition by horizontal transfer of an extrachromosomal or chromosomal material [ 14– 16].

It may be an innate feature of a microorganism or may result from mutation or acquisition of exogenous resistance genes [ 5].

If resistant cells are present initially, then they do not need to emerge by (rare) mutation or acquisition mechanisms from the sensitive strain.

Unlike cells in the planktonic state, bacterial biofilms do not exert their antimicrobial resistance through mutation or acquisition of resistance functions by horizontal gene transfer.

Conversely, when the environment becomes stressful, genetic modifications through mutation or acquisition of exogenous DNA may provide novel traits for greater adaptability of organisms.

Antimicrobial drug resistance can be acquired as a result of mutation or acquisition of resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer, or can be an innate feature of an organism that is encoded chromosomally [ 2].

Intrinsic antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria (without chromosomal mutation or the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding resistance determinants) can be increased by preventing the antibiotic from entering the cell.

Inheritance of a parental chromosome harboring a mutation (a germline mutation) or the acquisition of a somatic mutation alters the expected 1 1 parental contribution ratio for that region.

Antimicrobial drug resistance in Vibrio spp. can develop through mutation or through acquisition of resistance genes on mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, transposons, integrons, and integrating conjugative elements (ICEs).

In general, antimicrobial resistance can either evolve by chromosomal mutation or by the acquisition of a mobile genetic element which carries one or more resistance gene.

From a genetic standpoint, resistance mechanisms can arise either by mutation or by the acquisition and expression of heterologous genes encoding the resistance determinant through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms such as conjugation, transformation or phage transduction.