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However, the question arises why this mutation occurs much more frequently in the Asian populations.
FLT3-ITD are common in AML (25%) whereas this mutation occurs much less frequently in ALL (<1%) [ 32].
Moreover, several studies suggest that the BRAF V600E mutation occurs much more frequently in MSI-H tumours in comparison with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumours (50 vs <5% respectively) (Wang et al, 2003; Domingo et al, 2004).
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We observe, as reported previously [14], [18], that nsSNPs occur less frequently at the solvent inaccessible region of proteins, whereas disease-related mutations occur much more frequently than the average.
Deleterious mutations occur much more frequently than mutations resulting in novel and favourable functions [ 17].
However, spontaneous mutations occur much more frequently in so-called mutation hotspots such as subtelomeric regions and tandem repeats (Ellegren, 2004; Brown et al., 2010; Gemayel et al., 2010; Christiaens et al., 2012), where the mutation rates are often 10 100 000 times higher than average mutation rates in other parts of the genome (Gemayel et al., 2010).
Homozygosis of alleles through LOH occurs much more frequently (∼10−6 generations) than point mutations (∼10−9 generations) (Lang and Murray 2008).
To assess the significance of our conditional K a / K s results, we have compared them with the independent experimental study of Wu et al., who identified correlated mutation pairs, i.e. pairs of codons where mutations co-occurred much more frequently in patients with specific drug treatments, than in patients who received no drug treatment [ 9].
This suggests that, in vivo, either the A281del mutation is fully sufficient to compensate for kDNA loss or any secondary adaptation occurs much faster than in vitro.
This suggests that in p-endosymbionts the mutation rate at this locus is not constant, but that mutations are occurring much more frequently in young p-endosymbionts and slowing as the symbioisis ages.
This is in contrast to disease-causing point mutations, which occur much more frequently in males than in females, with the highest incidence occurring in older males [22].
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