Across cancer types, global enhancer activity was positively associated with aneuploidy, but not mutation load, suggesting a hypothesis centered on "chromatin-state" to explain their interplay.
We found that both mutator and WT cells showed an increase in mtDNA mutation load during reprogramming, suggesting that, similarly to nuclear DNA, also mtDNA mutations arise during the reprogramming process.
Upon harvesting, we recorded the fertility and found that 9.6% of the M2 plants from the 0.3% population and 27.9% of the M2 plants from the 0.4% population failed to set seeds suggesting a higher mutation load in the 0.4% population.
Finally, our model suggests that if absolute mutation load is low across all age classes, females will not evolve a preference based on male age.
The frequency distribution of oocyte mutation load corresponded to a binomial distribution (although recent analysis suggests a slightly different distribution provides a more accurate description [48]).
Our results showed a mutation load increase of 5 6-fold with increased age and suggested a link between the increased mutation burden in old SCs and the defective response of aged muscles to training.
These data suggest that male quality and gamete mutation load must be distinguished in models of sexual selection [31].
Because our populations are in mutation-selection balance and female preference is negatively correlated with mutation load, this result is in line with classical theory that suggests that mutation load is independent of effect size [64], [65].
Thus, even in inbred mice in which the inherited mutation load must be close to zero, the rate of abortions suggests that de novo recessive mutations occur at a rate that is probably superior to one in six zygotes, or one in six generations.
Numerous nuclear genes were recently reported in Drosophila melanogaster, which exhibit male-specific patterns of differential expression when placed alongside different mtDNA haplotypes, suggesting that nuclear genes are sensitive to an underlying male-specific mitochondrial mutation load.
