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The protective mutation is so rare that only one in ten thousand people carry it.
The new mutation is so advantageous that its carrier leaves lots of offspring many of whom carry the mutation and the other linked genes.
This latter mutation is so far not reported in any of the crop plants and weeds (Heap 2016), thus making HTM-N22, a novel resource for herbicide tolerance.
The probability of a back mutation "correcting" each slightly deleterious mutation is so minimal compared to the probability of a forward mutation that it has been ignored in models of Muller's ratchet [22].
But because change in allele frequencies induced by mutation is so small from one generation to the next, we can safely ignore mutation as a factor in HWD.
Under the conditions of our experiment, the fitness cost of this mutation is so small that it could be compensated for by a decrease in the age at first division of one second (see Methods).
Similar(51)
It is generally assumed at least for modeling purposes that selection against complex disease mutations is so weak that it can be ignored.
The apparently frequency-dependent benefit of these mutations is so far unidentified.
Ding et al. (2008) did not find it significant because the total number of mutations is so small (four).
The risk associated with BRCA mutations is so high that women are now recommended prophylactic total mastectomy, but a century ago the risk in women with the same mutations would have been approximately equivalent to that of women in the general population of North America and Western Europe today.
Some mutations are so rare that they are known only by their chromosomal address: Samantha and Taygen are two of only six children with the diagnosis "16p11.2".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com