These preparations revealed that pyramidal dendrite arbours of mice that are either heterozygous or homozygous for the Gdf5bp mutation were dramatically stunted compared with those of wild-type mice in both CA1 (Fig. 7A) and CA3 (Fig. 7B).
In Msh2−/−Msh6−/− B cells the spectrum of mutations was dramatically changed so that the balance in the frequencies of mutations at A T versus C G sites was shifted in different directions (Figure 4A), suggesting opposing effects of MMR in the resolution of each type of mutation during the Phase 2 of SHM.
For example, phenotypic mutation rates and genotypic mutation rates are dramatically different and genetics has been the primary molecular mechanism considered (Burger et al. 2006), but the inclusion of an additional mechanism such as epigenetics can help explain this discordance.
The mutation frequency of 0.363×10−4 events/bp is dramatically lower than that observed in the wild-type cells (4.07×10−4 events/bp, [13]), and is even below the background level of our system (0.5×10−4 events/bp, observed in AID-deficient DT40 cells, [23]) (Fig. 2E).
Accordingly, in cancer cells with PTEN mutation or deletion, AKT activity is dramatically elevated (Kanamori et al, 2001).
Clinical presentation of diabetes among patients with biallelic (homozygous or compound heterozygous) mutations of the GCK gene is dramatically different, e.g., diabetes that develop during the initial days of life is difficult to control and generally unresponsive to treatment other than with insulin.
3TC/FTC susceptibility is dramatically decreased by a single mutation (the M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase [19]), giving a large dynamic range.
This mutation frequency was dramatically elevated in chronologically aged cells ectopically expressing CLN3 (Fig. 5D; "pCLN3").
Besides the truncation of the protein caused by the xav etfdh mutation, we also found that the overall abundance of etfdh mRNA in xav is dramatically reduced.
Receptor occupancy is dramatically reduced in the fasted state and in a receptor carrying a mutation derived from patients with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young 1 (MODY1).
