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Sequencing showed a S79Y mutation in parC and a Q118K (CAA→AAA) mutation in gyrA.
However, they differ for two strains ED98 and 16 K (only the mutation in parC is present).
Low-level resistance to FQ in GBS CNR0717 was associated with a Ser 79 → Tyr mutation in parC.
DNA sequence analysis of these regions showed a mutation in parC (Ser 79 → Tyr) but not in the wild-type susceptible strain (NEM316).
In the second experiment, we determined whether a mutation in ParC Ser80 of E. coli topoisomerase IV altered metal ion utilization by ciprofloxacin.
All 31 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were also resistant to >8 other antimicrobial drugs and carried >2 mutations in GyrA and 1 mutation in ParC.
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Mutations in parC were detected in ciprofloxacin resistant isolates which had single or multiple gyrA mutations.
In contrast, substitution at position 137 (Lys-137) was not associated with increased MIC to ciprofloxacin when compared to isolates with no mutations in parC.
While no mutations in GyrB were identified, WJ66 contained mutations in ParC (S86I and E421D) and ParE (M227L and F519C).
Similarly, the effect of single and double mutations in parC on resistance were previously reported whereby complementation with the wild-type allele significantly reduced the resistance level.
Mutations in parC of gram-negative bacteria are usually within the QRDR at amino acids 80 and 84 (Ser 80→Ile, Glu 84→Gly, Lys).
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