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Genetic diseases begin with a mutation in chromosomal structure.
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aCGH is a technique to detect variations in patients who have different mutations in chromosomal regions.
These characteristics are caused by selective pressure of mutations in chromosomal genes that lead to ampC hyperexpression, repression or inactivation of oprD, and overexpression of efflux pumps (2 ).
Another cell senescence marker is mutations in chromosomal DNA or mitochondrial DNA, which has been induced by ROS directly or by elevated cytosolic calcium.
Examples are mutations in chromosomal genes that give rise to drug-insensitive products, such as the point mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV that result in resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin.
One of the major difficulties in detecting in vivo somatic mutations in chromosomal DNA is the lack of systems capable of identifying and isolating mutated genes with high efficiency.
This model postulates that chromosome rearrangements can become fixed and serve as isolating barriers by the accumulation of selectively advantageous mutations in chromosomal regions protected from recombination by a given rearrangement.
The main mechanisms for linezolid resistance consist of mutations in chromosomal genes encoding 23S ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, or the presence of the plasmid-borne cfr gene.
Robinette and Matthysse [41] observed that A. tumefaciens strains carrying a mutation in the chromosomal β-D-1,2-glucan synthesis gene chvB, which disables the ability of bacteria to attach to plant cells and produce high levels of extracellular polysaccharide showed a reduced ability to inhibit a Pph-elicited HR.
Mutations introduced in chromosomal par loci usually have pleiotropic effects.
The number of fixed, shared, and polymorphic mutations in one chromosomal background that are monomorphic in the other chromosomal background were also obtained using DnaSP.
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