First, despite that we can eliminate the possibility the Band 3 mutation imposes a direct effect on the heart, as the expression of Band 3 is restricted to red blood cells [15], it will be difficult to separate the consequence of hemodynamic stress from the hypoxic challenge to the heart.
It remains to be determined whether this mutation imposes a distinct T-cell phenotype, or whether the function of B cells, NK cells, and/or dendritic cells is also affected.
The q vector is not required to show near-optimal growth, but the mutation imposes the additional bounds, b ' U and b ' L, on a subset of fluxes, q MUT.
These results together indicate that, although the overall impact on animal development is relatively milder, the ΔT mutation imposes almost identical effects as the CXCR4-null mutation on the development of neural, vascular and hematopoietic systems.
Such a 2-step process is subject to a "first come, first served" dynamic, such that a bias in the initial step (the introduction of a new allele by mutation) may impose a bias on outcomes [ 35].
Genomic mutation rates impose a limit on the maximum genome size but this does not imply that the best adaptive strategy is to reach the maximum variability attainable for the corresponding genome size [ 26].
From a population genetics perspective, we may expect the opposite: that small captive populations and lower Ne propagate the segregation and eventual fixation of deleterious mutations, thus, imposing a potentially large mutational burden on laboratory strains [ 36, 37].
In such a case, the higher the number of mutations imposed on the protein, the more likely the event that we randomly pick up one or more of the residues from that small set.
Many of these genes are involved in life history traits which have a measurable effect on fitness, so that their mutations can impose a cost to virulence [ 16].
To accomplish this, we imposed a survival probability on every new mutation.
