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Mutation hotspots are markers of selection in tumorigenesis, as well as attractive therapeutic targets.
One such paradox is that mutation hotspots are particularly concentrated in zones of adaptive evolution.
Thus, mutation hotspots are concentrated in zones that, for both reasons just mentioned, are expected to be under pressure for change.
It is not the intention of the new theory to suggest that, since mutation hotspots are placed in zones of adaptive evolution, they can "outguess" natural selection.
While mutation hotspots are expected to reveal oncogenes, tumor suppressors are generally targeted by mutations that are more distributed over the gene in cancer.
Indeed, these mutation hotspots are not just there and disassociated from the adaptive evolution of these genes, but rather appear to play an active role in this adaptive evolution, as demonstrated, for example, by the defensin gene clusters [ 129].
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Mutation hotspots were reproducibly detected in multiple hop plants analyzed, suggesting that positive host-selection pressure existed.
Using the criteria described above, five mutation hotspots were identified at positions 25, 26, 54, 193, and 281 (Fig. 3B).
Overall, 4 mutation hotspots were identified at positions 25, 26, 193, and 281 (Fig. 3A) that were consistent between the individual hops examined.
Five mutation hotspots were consistently located at positions 58, 59, 60, 106 and 206 in the individual hops examined, yet they were different from the mutations associated with HpSVd-hop and -grapevine (Fig. 3C).
No mutation hotspots were apparent.
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