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In one, the sequence was present in early chordates and in the process of neutral mutation gained the coding potential which was used to build a new gene in mammalian ancestor.
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Some oncogenic mutations gain the upper hand and develop into malignant tumors because the 'ecosystem' of a tissue is altered in abnormal situations [24].
The TOF2 mutation gained in frequency within the GS-evolved strains at round 1 but diminished in later rounds, while the DOP1 and FIT3 3′ UTR mutations were not highly represented in the GS populations and may be relatively specific to R57, which devalues these genes as potential tolerance-associated determinants.
Generally, women with early cancers and the highest-risk mutations stand to gain the most from preventive strategies.
In Egypt, a subtype H5N1 virus was found to have 2 of the 4 mutations needed to gain the transmissibility function, thereby underlying the need and urgency for surveillance among poultry (8 ).
In rare cases, a bird flu virus strain gains the mutations necessary to multiply quickly inside a mammal and spread to others.
Depending on the functional consequence of the mutation (gain- or loss-of-function), treatment options are to either use VSGC blockers to directly block the channel or to reduce the fraction of inactivated channels by restoring the skeletal muscle membrane potential (Jurkat-Rott et al., 2010).
The R132H mutation causes IDH-1 to gain the ability to convert alpha-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), an onco-metabolite.
Finally, we examined whether the direction of mutation (gain vs. loss) was related to repeat number.
To overcome the single mutation detection limitation of point-mutation assays, we evaluated whether additional information on resistance mutations could be gained from the real-time PCR assays.
These data were used to identify somatic mutations as well as gained mutations (variants present in the xenograft but not found in the primary tumor) and lost mutations (variants identified in the primary tumor but not detected in the xenograft).
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