This finding is surprising because modelling the effect of the polymerase over multiple PCR cycles appears to be required in order to produce mutation frequencies, such as those in Table 2, where complementary-base frequencies are always almost equal.
We have undertaken a comprehensive comparative sequence analysis of selected target genes to evaluate and study the presence of mutations in putative genes expected to play a role in the mutation frequency in such strains.
The moderate frequency of the swept allele would also explain why statistics that summarise the mutation frequency spectrum such as Tajima's D and Fay and Wu's H did not capture the departure from the standard coalescent in the second patch [ 4], although methods that incorporate the additional information of linkage disequilibrium can [ 16].
By using different concentrations in subculture plates in our mutation frequency assay, we detected such preexisting mutants.
Independent of any mechanistic reason for a putative enrichment in spontaneous mutations we had to check whether the mutation frequency is elevated to such drastic degrees that it would interfere with the identification with NCO-GCs.
Moreover, genetic testing for CHEK2 1100delC and may be other variants may also be considered in other populations where the mutation frequency is relevantly high such as Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom and North America (Hollestelle et al, 2010).
The single gene dominance points to the case where one gene has high mutation frequency in several different pathways, such as TP53 and PIK3CA in our study.
It would be interesting to examine for location differences of other genes showing a high mutation frequency in MSI-H tumors such as AC1, ACVR2A, HT001, MRE11A, PTHLH, and TAF1B, which all carry mononucleotide repeats in the coding region and show a mutation frequency of ~70% or higher.
UV irradiation (wavelength 365 nm) and TMP treatment has a higher mutation frequency and less rearrangement of chromosomes, such as inversion and translocation, compared to UV irradiation (wavelength 254 nm), which is used for insertion of extrachromosomal arrays [ 5, 11, 12].
