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And furthermore, the majority of chemical mutagens play the best mutation effect only in the near-neutral environment, but decompose into a variety of harmful organic compounds in the acidic environment, so, physical mutagens such as UV, ultrasonic, and microwave were preferred to be selected in this mutation experiment.
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Therefore, the mutation exerted its effect only on the LV and not RV while there were no differences between ventricles of WT mice.
Classic methods for analyzing mutation-accumulation data assume equal unidirectional mutation effects and so only give estimates of mutation rates and mean fitness-effect size.
That is, a strong mutation often has no apparent phenotypic effect only if multiple other genes remain functional.
Epistasis at the level of trait and selective effects may also influence the distribution of antibiotic resistance in scenarios where a resistance allele modulates the effects of mutations at other sites that are not directly involved in resistance mechanisms, such as compensatory mutations that have a positive selective effect only for genotypes with resistance alleles.
In silico analysis showed a pathological effect only of the Y309D mutation (NM_001077653.2 c.927G>T) (Table 2).
Mutation of motif 12 5 had the greatest effect; mutation of only four bp within this motif produced a similar reduction of reporter gene expression as that of the mutation of all three motifs at once.
The fact that the Atss3 mutation alone has only a minor effect on amylopectin chains shorter than DP40 could be explained by a competitive advantage of SSII over SSIII for binding to short glucan chains.
We demonstrate that two out of three cancer-associated TERT mutations caused no effect and only the most prevalent promoter mutations mildly increased TERT levels in hESCs, which did not result in significantly increased telomerase activity.
However, the 8th lipodystrophy-associated A239V mutation had only mild effect on AGPAT2 enzyme activity (90% of wild-type) [ 3], suggesting the involvement of additional factors.
Indeed, it has been pointed out before that during Y-chromosome degradation the accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations at many loci is likely to lead to global DC, while accumulation of mutations of large effect at only a few loci is likely to cause local DC (Vicoso and Bachtrog 2009).
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