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Different numbers of mutation clusters were present in individual patients with a median of 11 (ranging from 2 to 26) clusters per patient.
Second, we tested whether mutation clusters were associated predominantly with specific secondary structure motifs.
We therefore tested whether mutation clusters were particularly likely to appear in either buried or exposed regions, and found no such signal.
We then determined where within each coding sequence the mutation clusters were located, and found that the distribution of cluster locations along the coding sequence was not uniform (χ2-test, P<10−10).
In contrast, mutation clusters were practically not found in the genomes of HAP-induced mutants.
Recently, localized mutation clusters were discovered in yeast mutants obtained by a different mutagen, methyl metanesulfonate (MMS) [ 3].
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Of particular interest, the subclonal architecture derived from ctDNA demonstrated high similarity to those derived from paired tumor DNA in 6 of the 8 patients (Fig. 3) and the number of mutation clusters was correlated between tumor DNA and ctDNA (Spearman r = 0.7099, p = 0.0485).
By and large, we have found that mutation clusters are not particularly common.
Thus, after controlling for solvent accessibility, mutation clusters are roughly equally likely to appear in buried or in exposed regions of the protein.
Deaminase-induced mutation clusters are evident at various genomic loci, whereas the density of HAP-induced mutations is much more uniform.
Mutation clustering was commonly observed in the 21 breast cancers.
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