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Analysis of mutation catalogs from melanomas indicates that the trinucleotide context is often TCC [ 8].
Because environmental exposures vary widely by geography, it will be important to determine somatic mutation catalogs from a diversity of geographic regions.
Previously published mutation catalogs from a malignant melanoma and small cell lung cancer did not show kataegis (Pleasance et al., 2010a, 2010b) (data not shown).
A large international effort recently generated somatic mutation catalogs from 7,042 tumors encompassing 30 cancer types, and these catalogs allowed discernment of 21 mutation signatures [ 8].
Having established that AA can contribute to somatic mutations in bladder cancer, we next examined the somatic mutation catalogs from a larger set of 347 bladder cancers for evidence of AA-induced mutations.
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In most tumors, somatic mutation catalogs comprise the superimposed results of several mutational exposures and processes.
In addition, it is crucially important to have detailed clinical information associated with somatic mutation catalogs.
Primary skin fibroblasts with AGU-Fin mutation (Catalog ID: GM00568) were obtained from Coriell Institute for Medical Research (Camden, NJ, USA).
I curated the majority of publicly available data and compiled a data set encompassing ~5 million somatic mutations from the mutational catalogs of 7042 primary cancers of 30 different classes.
To identify these signatures, the intrinsic nonnegativity of mutations mandates employment of a method incorporating a nonnegative constraint and our simulations demonstrate that NMF is effective in deciphering mutational signatures from mutational catalogs.
Interestingly, at least 500 mutational catalogs with an average of 96 mutations per catalog (a total of ∼50,000 mutations) are needed to decipher five mutational processes, but these five mutational processes can be more easily deciphered from 50 cancer genomes containing an average of 480 mutations (a total of ∼25,000 mutations, Figure 3D).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com