Similarly, accumulated mutations cannot explain why the cancer occurrences are not correlated with the lifespan among different biological species, e.g., thousands of year old trees without cancer versus a 12-day-old Drosophila with cancer, although they have the same DNA replication mechanisms [ 27, 28 ] and similar environmental risks that can cause mutations.
Nevertheless, mCG-related mutations cannot explain the length dependence of dN and the dN/ dS ratio in this exon groups.
However, there remains a need to identify additional susceptibility genes as it has become increasingly evident that BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations cannot explain all cases of familial breast cancer.
Even the fact that cancerous cells have been observed in vitro without inflammation or fibrosis does not account for the vast majority of cancers for which mutations cannot explain their development.
It is important to note however that lack of time to remove deleterious gene deactivation mutations cannot explain why we find that clonal pathogens tend to lose even more genes than many nonclonal species that are much more sequence diverged than they are.
The only exception was EST39: Tajima's D statistics was significant for EST39 among the 20 LTS, indicating that the neutral mutation hypothesis cannot explain the occurrence of the mutations both in the coding and the entire 1 kb region.
In addition, mutation theory cannot explain the following phenomena: If only one mutation causes cancer, the chance for cancers to form is too great.
The methylation-deamination mutation scenario cannot explain CpG depletion and TpG/CpA increase in viruses which possess no intermediate DNA stage through their life cycles.
Removal of the 5,696 SNPs that occur in known mutational hotspots (CpG sites) did not significantly change our conclusions, suggesting that recurrent mutations alone cannot explain our data.
Strikingly, only one of the brothers has developed neurological symptoms indicating that the two mutations alone cannot explain the variance in clinical symptoms [18], [19].
