Many mutations can partially or fully inactivate a gene: for example, single nucleotide mutations can introduce early stop codons at one of many possible sites in most open reading frames.
Here a multi-strain formulation is used in which mutations can introduce new variants of bacteria and phage, while uncompetitive strains are eventually removed by chemostat dilution (cf. [ 17, 30]).
Our strategy was to design possible amino-acid mutations that can introduce cross-subunit disulfide bond(s) and, thus, change the distribution of the oligomeric forms and extend the biological half-life.
Complementation of chromosomal mutations in trans can introduce artifacts due to the number of episomal copies of the gene in question.
(Mutation can also introduce novel and potentially adaptive variation, which could be selected upon as climate shifts).
Gene flow is one of the main mechanisms, in addition to mutation, and recombination, that can introduce new genetic variants to a population Genetic drift Random fluctuations in allele frequency, due to chance or random sampling; its effects are more obvious in smaller populations.
As a study published in 2000 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found, growing influenza isolates in eggs before sequencing them can introduce mutations.
However, it is clear that aneuploidy can introduce mutations that give rise to malignant transformation and lead to genetic instability [24].
These cells could be related to cancer development, because the loss or gain of one chromosome - or a portion thereof - can introduce mutations required for malignant transformation.
We further examined whether heterodimeric TALENs can introduce mutations in the endogenous gene eyeless (ey).
