Sentence examples for mutation biases are from inspiring English sources

One way to eliminate biases caused by mutation rate variation is to compare the ratio of fixed substitutions to polymorphisms using a Chi square test within the framework of the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test [17] because mutation biases are expected to affect substitutions and polymorphisms equally.

It is however, currently unknown whether or not such strand-specific mutation biases are a general feature of geminivirus evolution.

Driven by this viewpoint, we investigate the presence and absence of replication restart-related genes in the 10 genomes, in which the strand mutation biases are strong enough to generate distinct codon usages.

To determine whether strand specific mutation biases are a general characteristic of geminivirus evolution we compared mutation spectra arising during these MSV experiments with those arising during similar experiments involving the geminivirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Begomovirus genus).

To further explore the possibility that virion-strand specific mutation biases are a feature of geminivirus evolution in general, we determined with greater precision than has been previously achieved with much smaller data sets the nucleotide mutation spectra of MSV (a mastrevrius), and TYLCV (a begomovirus).

Thus, the tRNA-mediated selection and the mutation bias are in opposite directions.

Given that mutation bias in Drosophila is generally toward A/T while CUB is generally toward G/C, the two forces, selection and mutation bias, are opposed.

Importantly, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the A/T mutation bias are generally also considered being nonadaptive in nature (Lynch 2007b).

The amino acids that vary the most in frequency in response to mutation bias are Ile, Leu and Val, because substitutions among these amino acids are very conservative in physical properties.

Directional mutation pressures (mutational biases) are thought to be a significant contribution to such compositional heterogeneity within and between genomes (Sueoka 1988; Nekrutenko and Li 2000).

The mutation bias is the contrast of the given context and this subcontext.