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We have used the coalescent simulation program ″ms″ [ 36] to simulate this scenario with a symmetric two-allele mutation assumption, so that mutations can occur both in the ancestral species and in the two descendant species.
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We make the infinite alleles assumption, so that each mutation event is assumed to produce a previously non-existent allele.
This was due to the so-called 'strong selection, weak mutation' assumption, that is, that adaptation occurs through emergence and rapid fixation of single mutations.
Hence,, contradicting the assumption, so.
An important caveat of this analysis is the assumption of a slow mutation rate, so that the time for fixation (or elimination) is short relative to the length of evolutionary time between mutations.
Finally, the remaining regions of heterozygosity in RIL may have survived due to selection, whereas these calculations rely on assumptions of no selection or mutation and so are not appropriate to capture such phenomena.
The protective mutation is so rare that only one in ten thousand people carry it.
From assumption (H2),, so, clearly is bounded.
You'd made mutations look so good".
For a moment, imagine all women with the BRCA mutations did so.
Under the best circumstances, absolute divergence date estimates derived from mutation rate assumptions contain substantial and undefined error, so the dates they produce can be of unknown value when evaluating very recent divergence estimates.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com