This is why deletions are cleaved more efficiently than single base mutations as noted by Mashal et al. (1995).
Sucralose has been reported to be weakly mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma mutation assay, and as noted above, its hydrolysis product 1,6-DCF was found to be weakly mutagenic in both the Ames test and the L5178Y TK+/− assay (US FDA 1998).
Although these mutation rates appear high, as noted by Frank [27], because the trait is directly related to fitness, the effective mutation rate is about one order of magnitude lower.
Such non-adaptive divergence of complex regulatory systems is facilitated in species with reduced effective population sizes, due to the increased probability of fixation of neutral or slightly deleterious mutations [ 37], which, as noted above, is known to be the case in D. sechellia.
Neither Q31L nor L100P is conserved between human and mouse, nor do they correspond to known clinical mutations (Table 2), but as noted their potential for structural disruption and proximity to functional domains and protein binding regions does allow testable inferences to be made as to their likely functional consequences.
Indeed, in some disruption strains, the average effect of the insertion mutations was positive (though, as noted above, this effect was only significant in the case of the dps-deleted strain), despite the same disruptions causing a reduction in environmental robustness.
As noted above, mutation of the active site serine inactivates the enzyme and allows structural characterization of substrate interactions that span the active site.
Considering different protonation states of H104 also allows us to provide a rationale for the unusual pH rate profile observed upon mutation of E35 to Q, as noted in other recent work.
As noted above, mutations in OFD1 are the cause of OFDS1.
As noted, null mutations of Adar and Pex11b are associated with developmental delay [ 16, 17].
As noted above, inactivating mutation of STK11 could be considered an alternative mechanism to RAS-activation outside of typical KRAS/BRAF mutations [ 36, 37], an important point given the occurrence of this mutation in one of only two MC without other known RAS alterations.
