Strong, recent selective sweeps causing the fixation of large haplotypes may be identified using high-density SNP panels, however, older sweeps which have accumulated new mutations and weak sweeps which have resulted in the fixation of relatively small haplotypes will not be detected.
In addition, optimal levels of DC are more likely to be higher than 2-fold if the deleterious allele is relatively common, that is, high mutation rate and weak selection (results not shown).
Under major codon preference, the evolutionary dynamics of synonymous changes are determined by the joint effects of mutation, genetic drift, and weak selection.
I then argue that mutation, uptake bias, and weak selection against DUESs in less constrained parts of the genome combined are sufficient enough to cause DUESs accumulation in susceptible parts of the genome with no need for other DUES function.
Mutated p53 can also act in a dominant-negative fashion to inactivate wild-type p53 molecules, but this is not the case for all p53 mutations and a weak p53 response can still prevail when only one allele is defective.
It seems likely that evolution in biofilms typically occurs under conditions contrary to what is typically assumed in standard population genetics theory (e.g. strong selection and weak mutation) and rather involves strong mutational mechanisms typical in bacteria under stress [ 41] coupled with weak selection (see also [ 26]).
Johannsson and colleagues [ 19] found an increased risk of pregnancy-associated breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 mutations, and a weaker risk in carriers of BRCA2 mutations.
Quantification of the immunostaining signals and cell fractionation indicated significant differences of FUS cytoplasmic levels between controls and mutants, as well as between strong and weak mutations (Fig. 3F and supplementary material Fig. S6B).
However, this approximation assumes that the forces of selection and mutation are weak.
