Sentence examples for mutation and substitution from inspiring English sources

The cytochrome c mutation and substitution rates certainly are not claimed to be arbitrarily variable.

The data thus are very much as would be expected from accelerated mutation and substitution rates within primate lineages.

This region has been previously identified as sensitive to mutation and substitution.

This is, of course, a simplistic portrayal of the situation, as the species boundary is often indistinct and the two scales are directly linked because mutation and substitution are aspects of the same population genetic processes.

Sequences were compared at the amino acid level due to high mutation and substitution rates in intergenic regions and dpo-like sequences.

In the absence of natural selection, mutation and substitution rates are equal [ 8], allowing mutation rates to be inferred from neutral substitution rates.

Because substitution rates based on longer timescales have not been estimated in S. aureus, it is impossible to know the extent to how mutation rates and substitution rates differ.

Notably, both frameshift mutations and substitutions generated premature stop codons in 92% of the cases (Table 2), indicating the particular way in which mucA was mutated.

Point mutations and substitutions are responsible for producing proto-microsatellites (short sequence precursor of microsatellites).

These differences have minimal effect on the fraction of mutations and substitutions that are deleterious, neutral, and advantageous.

As for our purposes only so-called manifest mutations are relevant, i.e. those mutations that can be observed and are not reversed, we do not distinguish between mutations and substitutions, which is why we use these terms synonymously.