Sentence examples for mutation and clonal from inspiring English sources

Despite affinity maturation, inter- and intraclonal avidities varied greatly, and half of GC B cells did not bind the immunogen but nonetheless exhibited biased VH use, V(D J mutation, and clonal expansion comparable to antigen-binding cells.

In contrast, the patterns of V gene diversity in secondary GC from CD4-nu/nu mice suggested that there was ongoing mutation and clonal diversification during the first week after rechallenge.

Thus, it appears that with the evolution of homoplasmic mtDNA mutation and clonal spread, mtDNA content also increases.

The high frequency of peptide binding in Ig CDRs may reflect their increased diversity by somatic mutation and clonal selection by antigens.

Once established in the lung, further adaptation appears to be driven primarily by mutation and clonal selection.

In this report, we present a rare case of GIST occuring in the sacrum and describe its clinicopathologic features, c-KIT gene mutation and clonal status.

On the one hand, loss of p53 may promote genetic instability – resulting in plasticity of phenotypes due to random mutations and clonal evolution.

Several studies have demonstrated genetic diversity within tumours and inferred tumour progression by comparing the mutations and clonal composition between primary and metastatic tumours in different cancer types, including breast, renal, pancreatic, brain and ovarian (for a review see [ 2,16,17 ]).

In this review, Rudolph and colleagues discuss age-associated increases in the initiation and/or progression of mutant stem/progenitor clones and the roles of stem cell quiescence, replication-associated DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic challenges as determinants of stem cell mutations and clonal dominance in aging.

Here we discuss possible explanations for age-associated increases in the initiation and/or progression of mutant stem/progenitor clones and highlight the roles of stem cell quiescence, replication-associated DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic challenges as determinants of stem cell mutations and clonal dominance in aging.

Thus, for each case, only the determination of all potential mutations and the reconstitution of the mutation profile and clonal evolution will help understand the pathophysiology of the disease.